သံုးႏႈန္းမွတ္သားေ၀ါဟာရမ်ား
၁။ again (ေနာက္ထပ္၊ ေနာက္တစ္ႀကိမ္)
e.g. Would you say that again? I didn’t hear you.
ေနာက္တစ္ေခါက္ေလာက္ထပ္ေျပာပါလား။ မၾကားလိုက္လို႔။
Julie! It’s your sister on the phone again.
ဂ်ဴလီ။ နင့္အမဖုန္းလာျပန္ၿပီ။
Nice to see you again.
ေနာက္တစ္ႀကိမ္ထပ္ေတြ႕ရတာ၀မ္းသာပါတယ္။
On no! Here comes that boy again.
အမေလးဒုကၡပါပဲ။ ဒီေကာင္ေလးေနာက္ထပ္လာျပန္ပါၿပီ။
*** again သည္ sentence, clause ၏ ေနာက္ဆံုးတြင္ေနသည္။
once again/once more ေနာက္ထပ္တစ္ခါ။ ေနာက္တစ္ႀကိမ္။
တစ္ခါျဖစ္ဖူးထားသည့္ စိုးရိမ္စရာ စိတ္အေႏွာက္အယွက္ ျဖစ္စရာ တစ္ခု ေနာက္တစ္ခါလာျပန္ၿပီဟု အလိုမက်ဟန္ျဖင့္ေျပာရာတြင္သံုးသည္။ အေလးအနက္ထားေျပာသည္။
e.g.
Once again, I must remind you of the seriousness of the problems we face.
ကၽြန္ေတာ္တို႔ရင္ဆိုင္ေနရတဲ့ ျပႆနာရဲ႕ေလးနက္မႈအေၾကာင္းကို ခင္ဗ်ားကိုေနာက္တစ္ခါ ထပ္ေျပာရလိမ့္မယ္။
The crops had failed, and once more famine threatened the region.
ေကာက္ပဲသီးႏွံေတြမေအာင္ဘူး။ ဒုဗ ၻိကႏၱရကပ္ေတာ့ ေနာက္တစ္ႀကိမ္ဆိုက္ျပန္ၿပီ။
yet again လာျပန္ၿပီေနာက္တစ္ခါ
မၾကာခဏစိတ္အေႏွာင့္အယွက္ေပးေသာအရာတစ္ခု ေနာက္တစ္ႀကိမ္ထပ္ျဖစ္သည့္အခါ သံုးသည္။
e.g.
Yet again, Flora had changed her mind.
လုပ္ျပန္ၿပီကြာ။ ဖေလာ္ရာစိတ္ထပ္ေျပာင္းျပန္ၿပီ။
It seems that yet again the police have allowed a very dangerous man to escape.
လူဆိုးလြတ္သြားေအာင္ ရဲေတြကေတာ့ေနာက္တစ္ႀကိမ္လုပ္ခ်လိုက္ျပန္ၿပီနဲ႔တူတယ္။
one more time/once more twin ေနာက္တစ္ႀကိမ္။ အထူးသျဖင့္ ေနာက္ဆံုးအႀကိမ္
e.g.
He kissed her one more time before he left.
သူမသြားခင္ သူမကို ေနာက္ဆံုးအနမ္းေလးတစ္ႀကိမ္ထပ္ေပးလိုက္တယ္။
just one more tirne/ just once more ေနာက္ဆံုးတစ္ခါတည္းပါ။
Can we practise that just once more?
တို႔ေနာက္ဆံုးတစ္ၾကိမ္ေလာက္ထပ္ေလ့က်င့္ႏုိင္ဦးမလား။
back ျပန္လည္၍။ ေနာက္တစ္ေခါက္ျပန္လာလည္ဖို႔ တယ္လီဖုန္းေျပာရာတြင္ျဖစ္ေစ၊ စာေရးရာတြင္ျဖစ္ေစ သံုးသည္။
call/write back ျပန္ေခၚမယ္။ ျပန္ေရးမယ္။
e.g.
I'll call back as soon as I have some news.
သတင္းရတာနဲ႔ခ်က္ျခင္းျပန္ေခၚလိုက္ပါ့မယ္။
invite/ask sb back ေနာက္တစ္ႀကိမ္အလည္ေခၚသည္
e.g.
Her kids wrecked the house last time they were here — that's why I've never asked them back.
အရင္တစ္ေခါက္သူတို႔လာလည္တုန္းက ကေလးေတြေသာင္းက်န္းလိုက္တာမွလြန္ေရာ။
ဒါေၾကာင့္ သူတို႔ကိုေနာက္ထပ္တစ္ခါထပ္မေခၚေတာ့တာ။
၂။ to do something again တစ္ခုခုကို ေနာက္ထပ္တစ္ႀကိမ္လုပ္သည္။
do sth again
e.g.
l’d like you to do this exercise again.
ဒီေလ့က်င့္ခန္းကိုေနာက္တစ္ခါေလာက္လုပ္ခ်င္တယ္။
She spilled coffee on the application form and had to do it all again.
ေလွ်ာက္လႊာေပၚမွာသူေကာ္ဖီဖိတ္က်လို႔ အစကေနအဆံုးျပန္လုပ္ရေတာ့တယ္။
repeat (အက်ိဳးရွိမည့္အရာတစ္ခုျဖစ္ေစရန္)ထပ္ေျပာသည္။ ဆိုၿပီးသားကို ျပန္ဆိုသည္။ ေနာက္ထပ္တစ္ေက်ာ့ (သို႔) အဖန္ဖန္ျပဳလုပ္သည္။
repeat a test/experiment/exercise/ process/ performance
စာေမးပြဲ/စမ္းသပ္ခ်က္/ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း/ျဖစ္စဥ္/စြမ္းေဆာင္မႈ တစ္ခုကို ထပ္ေဆာင္ရြက္သည္။
e.g.
In their training, they have to repeat the safety process again and again until they can do it in 30 seconds.
သင္တန္းတြင္ လုပ္ငန္းခြင္လံုၿခံေရးလုပ္ငန္းစဥ္ကို စကၠန္႔သံုးဆယ္အတြင္းလုပ္ႏိုင္ရန္ ထပ္ကာထပ္ကာလုပ္ရသည္။
Repeat this exercise 20 times every day and you'll soon have firmer, more muscular arms.
ဒီေလ့က်င့္ခန္းကို တစ္ေန႔အႀကိမ္ႏွစ္ဆယ္ေလာက္ထပ္ကာထပ္ကာလုပ္ပါ။ မၾကာခင္ပိုသန္မာတဲ့ၾကြက္သားေတြကိုပိုင္ဆိုင္ႏိုင္ပါလိမ့္မယ္။
over အစမွျပန္လုပ္သည္။
e.g.
I'm afraid you'll have to do it over.
စိတ္မရွိပါနဲ႔ ခင္ဗ်ားအစကေနျပန္လုပ္ရလိမ့္မယ္။
I’m sorry I messed it up — let's start over.
ေတာင္းပန္ပါတယ္။ ကၽြန္ေတာ္႐ႈပ္လိုက္မိတယ္။ အစကျပန္ေကာက္ၾကပါစို႔။
all over again (စကားေျပာ) အစမွျပန္စသည္။ ျပန္ေကာက္သည္။
e.g.
At the police station they asked me the same questions all over again.
ရဲစခန္းမွာ ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ကို ေမးခြန္းတစ္ခုကိုပဲအစကေနျပန္ေမးတယ္။
start all over again
The computer crashed and deleted all my work — I had to start the essay all over again.
ကြန္ပ်ဴတာပ်က္ၿပီးေတာ့လုပ္ထားသမွ်ေတြပ်က္သြားတယ္။ စာစီစာကံုးကိုအစကအဆံုးျပန္ေရးလိုက္ရတယ္။
redo အလုပ္တစ္ခုကိုျပန္လုပ္သည္။
l can ’t read a word of this - you’ll have to redo it.
တစ္လံုးမွဖတ္လို႔မရဘူး။ ျပန္လုပ္မွရမယ္။
redoing - redid - have redone
retake စာေမးပြဲမေအာင္၍ျပန္ေျဖသည္
She retook her driving test five times before she passed.
သူမ ယဥ္ေမာင္းလိုင္စဥ္သင္တန္း မေအာင္ခင္အထိ ငါးႀကိမ္ေျဖခဲ့တယ္။
retaking - retook - have retaken
၃။ to start again ျပန္စသည္။
start again [phrasal verb l/T] အစမွျပန္စသည္
e.g.
The drilling noise started again in the next room.
ေနာက္တစ္ေန႔မွာေတာ့ လြန္ေဖာက္တဲ့ဆူညံသံေတြ ျပန္စေတာ့တာပဲ။
start work/school etc again
After her vacation Trish really didn't feel like starting her classes again.
ေက်ာင္းပိတ္ရက္အၿပီး Trish ဟာေက်ာင္းျပန္တက္ဖို႔စိတ္မပါျဖစ္ေနတယ္။
start doing sth again
Have Jill and Larry started talking to each other again?
Jill နဲ႔ Larry တို႔ တစ္ေယာက္နဲ႔တစ္ေယာက္ျပန္စကားေျပာေနၾကျပန္ၿပီလား။
start to do sth again
lt’s starting to snow again.
ျပန္ျဖစ္ေနျပန္ၿပီ။
bring back sth ဥပေဒ၊ စံနစ္၊ နည္းလမ္းတစ္ခုကို ျပန္အသံုးျပဳသည္။
Do you think they should bring back the death penalty?
ေသဒဏ္အျပစ္ေပးမႈကိုျပန္အသံုးျပဳသင့္တယ္လို႔ထင္လား။
revival ျပန္ေခါင္းေထာင္ထသည္။ ျပန္ေက်ာ္ၾကားလာသည္။ (အႏုပညာ၊ အေတြးအေခၚ၊ ဓေလ့)
a seventies revival ၇၀ ခုႏွစ္ကဖက္ရွင္ျပန္ေခတ္စားလာတယ္။
revival of
The recent revival of interest in astrology and faith healing.
နကၡတၱေဗဒႏွင့္ ဘုရားကု ကုျခင္း တို႔တြင္ လတ္တေလာျပန္လည္ေခတ္စားလာျခင္း
go back to sth [phrasal verb T] ေနာက္ေၾကာင္းျပန္သည္။
e.g.
I wouldn’t like to go back to full-time work again.
အခ်ိန္ျပည့္အလုပ္ေတာ့ ေနာက္တစ္ႀကိမ္ျပန္မလုပ္ခ်င္ေတာ့ဘူး။
go back to doing sth
Tim was determined he would never go back to using drugs.
တင္မ္ဟာ ဘယ္ေတာ့မွ ေနာက္တစ္ခါေဆးျပန္မသံုးဖို႔ စိတ္ပိုင္းျဖတ္ထားတယ္။
To know and not to do is not yet to know ! --------------"Never underestimate the art of living of the other people or ones' abilities"------------
Kyaw Naing Welcome
Tuesday, September 10, 2013
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